CHEMICAL
HYGIENE PLAN
University of Central Oklahoma
Department of Chemistry
Edmond,
Oklahoma
Revised 10-4-2001
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CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN TRAINING SIGNATURE FORM SECTION I - GENERAL SAFETY PROCEDURES SECTION II - CHEMICAL PROCUREMENT, DISTRIBUTION, STORAGE A. PROCUREMENT B. RECEIPT AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICALS C. STORAGE OF CHEMICALS D. USE OF CHEMICALS 1. General Safe Chemical Use 2. Safe Use of Flammable and Combustible Chemicals 3. Safe Use of Corrosive Chemicals 4. Safe Use of Reactives 5. Use of Select Carcinogens, Reproductive Toxins and Chemicals with High Acute Toxicity SECTION III - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SECTION IV - HOUSEKEEPING, MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTIONS SECTION V - MEDICAL PROGRAM A. AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS SECTION VI - PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND |
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A. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT 1. Eye Protection 2. Clothing 3. Protective Aprons 4. Gloves 5. Respirators B. SAFETY EQUIPMENT 1. Fire Extinguishers 2. Safety Showers 3. Eyewash Fountains 4. First Aid Kit 5. Flammable Refrigerators 6. Fume Hoods 7. Flammable and Corrosive Liquid Storage Cabinets 8. Safety Shields SECTION VII - RECORDS AND REPORTS A. ACCIDENT REPORTS B. CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN C. CHEMICAL INVENTORY LIST D. TRAINING REPORTS E. MEDICAL REPORTS F. RECORDS OF EXPOSURE SECTION VIII - SIGNS AND LABELS A. SIGNS B. LABELS SECTION IX - EMERGENCY RESPONSE A. CHEMICAL SPILLS 1. Spill Prevention |
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2. Departmental
Responsibilities 3. Safety and Environmental Management Responsibilities 4. Conditions Requiring Assistance 5. Spill Cleanup a. Emergency Spills b. Non-emergency Spills c. Radioactive Spills B. FIRES C. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES SECTION X - INFORMATION AND TRAINING A. HAZARD COMMUNICATION B. FIRST AID/CPR TRAINING C. FIRE EXTINGUISHER TRAINING D. SPILL RESPONSE TRAINING E. WASTE DISPOSAL TRAINING SECTION XI - WASTE DISPOSAL A. GENERAL GUIDELINES B. BASIC PROCEDURES C. CONTAINERS D. LABELING E. MANIFESTS APPENDIX TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDICES All Appendices are included in the printed versions of this document and are located in H320F, H314 or LAB306 APPENDIX A: FORMS APPENDIX B: 29 CFR 1910.1450 APPENDIX C: INORGANIC CHEMICAL INVENTORY LIST APPENDIX D: ORGANIC CHEMICAL INVENTORY LIST APPENDIX E: PEROXIDE FORMERS LIST APPENDIX F: 8TH REPORT ON CARCINOGENS: KNOWN TO BE HUMAN CARCINOGENS APPENDIX G: 8TH REPORT ON CARCINOGENS: REASONABLY ANTICIPATED TO BE HUMAN CARCINOGENS APPENDIX H: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ACUTE HAZARDOUS WASTE LIST APPENDIX I: REPRODUCTIVE TOXINS LIST REFERENCE Located in LAB 306 Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, National Research Council, National
Academy Press, Washington D.C. 1995; ISBN 0-309-05229-7
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This document describes the Chemical Hygiene Plan for the Department of Chemistry at the University of Central Oklahoma as required by OSHA's Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1450 (referred to as the Standard).
In order to comply with the Standard, the University of Central Oklahoma has established a plan to ensure that our university is capable of protecting employees from health hazards associated with hazardous chemicals in the laboratory, and capable of keeping exposures below the permissible exposure limits specified in 29 CFR part 1910, subpart Z. Questions regarding this plan should be directed to Don Powers, Director of Safety and Environmental Management, (DSEM) at Ext. 2216 or if off campus 974-2216.
This plan is made readily available to employees in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Central Oklahoma and employee representatives (if applicable), and upon request to the Assistant Secretary of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
A review and evaluation of the Chemical Hygiene Plan is conducted on an annual basis and this plan is updated as necessary.
The person responsible for implementation of the Plan in this laboratory is __________________________
The Chemical Hygiene Officer for the University of Central Oklahoma is Don Powers, Director of Safety and Environmental Management.
The Department Chemical Hygiene Officer for the Department of Chemistry is Dr.
Dallas G. New
The UCO Laboratory Safety Manual is designed to fulfill the OSHA requirement for a Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) for each laboratory. Any use of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and the UCO Laboratory Safety Manual is synonymous.
In order for the Lab Safety Manual/CHP to be complete, certain portions must be completed by each department and individual laboratories.
Each department must designate a Department Chemical Hygiene Officer, (DCHO), and notify the University Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) in writing, at the Department of Safety and Environmental Management of their choice. The DCHO must be a full-time employee of the University, with laboratory experience.
The manual must be reproduced, with a copy placed in each individual laboratory. When a "suite" of laboratories exist, under one supervisor, one copy may be sufficient, if all the required information is identical.
Each supervisor, or designated representative must complete the information in the introduction.
Each employee working in the laboratories must read and complete the contained form, indicating that they have read and understood the Chemical Hygiene Plan. These forms will be maintained by the DCHO. The DCHO should maintain a list of all CHP/Lab Safety Manuals in the department, to insure that future additions and revisions are distributed to all manuals.
It is recommended that the CHP/Lab Safety Manual also include department
safety policies, and the chemical inventory list for each laboratory.
CHEMICAL
HYGIENE PLAN TRAINING SIGNATURE FORM
I have received the Chemical Hygiene Plan/Lab Safety Manual for the University of Central Oklahoma. I have read the manual, understand the contents, and agree to follow the procedures and practices. I am aware of the location of the Material Safety Data Sheets, and I know how to request one.
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SECTION I - GENERAL SAFETY PROCEDURES
All work areas offer many possibilities for accidents to occur. Laboratories may compound the effect of a minor accident, due to the proximity of hazardous chemicals and equipment of different types. The following guidelines should be followed:
1. It is required that goggle-type eye protection be worn by all persons in a laboratory when chemicals are being used anywhere in the laboratory. These goggles must be labeled as providing splash protection and have indirect vents. If your goggles were not purchased at Thompson’s Bookstore or the UCO Bookstore, you will need to bring the box to show they provide splash protection. So-called "Shop goggles", "Lab glasses" and "Visorgogs" do not provide sufficient splash protection., so these types of eyewear are not allowed in the laboratory. The goggles must be in full working order. If the goggles have been tampered with (such as removing the vent plugs), they are not suitable for the laboratory. If you are unsure about the goggles, consult the Chemistry Department Safety Committee.
2. Adequate foot protection must be worn at all times. Footwear that does not cover the entire foot (sandals, etc.) Is not allowed. Shoes or boots with leather uppers are recommended.
3. Long Hair should be tied up and long loose sleeves should be secured.
4. Contact lenses, especially soft lenses, can trap irritating vapors against the eye, therefore it is highly recommended that glasses be worn instead of contacts when in the laboratory.
5. Neither short pants nor short skirts (exposing the knee) are allowed because they do not provide adequate leg protection against spills. If you want to wear shorts, leave a pair of "warm-ups" in your drawer to wear. Clothing exposing the abdomen or shoulders is not allowed unless a lab coat is worn. Students without appropriate clothing will not be allowed to participate in laboratory.
6. No running, jumping or horseplay is permitted in laboratory areas
7. NO FOOD OR DRINKS (including gum and candy) are allowed in the lab even if you aren't consuming them.
8. Artificial fingernails are quite flammable, so if you wear them , exercise caution.
9. Handle all chemicals as if they are hazardous. Spills shall be cleaned up immediately. If a hazardous material is spilled, consult Section IX - Emergency Response. Water spills may present a slipping hazard, and should be cleaned up immediately. Bench tops should be kept clean and dry to prevent accidental contamination of skin or clothing.
10. Be sure to properly dispose of chemicals, broken glassware and other laboratory waste as indicated by your instructor.
11. Be careful when working around hot surfaces such as hotplates. Flammable solvents can be ignited if they are spilled on hot surfaces, and hotplates can cause burns, or melt the insulation on power cords-resulting in an electrocution hazard. Do not put a hot hotplate back on the shelf until the surface is cool.
12. Wash your hands before leaving the laboratory.
13. Ladders shall be in good condition and used in the manner for which intended. Wood ladders shall not be painted, so that defects may be immediately detected.
14. Wheeled stepstools shall be designed so that weight placed upon them locks the wheels, immobilizing the stepstool.
15. Lifting of heavy items shall be performed in the proper fashion, using the legs to lift, and not the back.
16. All electrical equipment shall be properly grounded. It shall also be U.L. listed and/or F.M. approved.
17. Sufficient room for work shall be present in the area of breaker boxes. All the circuit breakers shall be labeled to indicate whether they are in the "on" or "off" position. Fuses must be properly rated.
18. Extension cords shall not be used as a substitute for permanent wiring. They shall not be suspended unsupported across rooms or doorways. Do not route cords over emergency showers, overhead pipes, or metal structures. Do not run cords through walls or ceilings, doorways, or windows. Do not place cords under rugs, carpets or heavy objects. Avoid areas where a cord will be walked upon, and the insulation damaged.
19. If working with a system under vacuum, be aware of implosion hazards. Apply vacuum only to glassware specifically designed for this purpose.
20. Never evacuate or pressurize any glassware that shows any sign of damage, such as scratches, cracks, or etching.
21. Broken glass is a common cause of injuries in a laboratory. Only use glassware which is in good condition.
22. Do not store glassware near the edge of a shelf. Heavy glassware should be stored on lower shelves.
23. Do not attempt to catch glassware if it drops or is knocked over.
24. All broken glass shall be disposed in a rigid, puncture-proof container, and clearly marked with a warning saying it contains broken glass.
25. Glassware with reparable damage should be set aside for repair and appropriately labeled.
26. Fire Evacuation Routes should not be obstructed.
27. Hoods should not be used for storage.
SECTION II - CHEMICAL PROCUREMENT, DISTRIBUTION, STORAGE AND USE
A. PROCUREMENT
When ordering chemicals, whether it is a small purchase order, direct to a laboratory, through the department stockroom, or the University Storeroom, certain procedures should be followed.
1. Carefully estimate the quantity needed by reviewing the experimental procedure. Ordering bulk quantities does not save money if hazardous waste disposal is required for the leftover chemicals.
2. Insure that proper safety measures are available for the hazard associated with the chemicals ordered.
3. Contact the manufacturer for additional information before ordering new chemicals for which hazard information is unavailable.
4. Order chemicals in small lots, to avoid the hazards associated with repackaging.
5. Obtain approval from the lab coordinator and Department Chair before ordering whenever:
a. A new laboratory procedure or significant change in a previous procedure is to be conducted;
b. It is likely that the Permissible Exposure Limit will be exceeded or an unusual hazard will be present.
6. Insure that receiving personnel are aware of hazard information on the chemical to be received.
7. Insure that proper storage, signs, and personal protective equipment are available for the hazard associated with the ordered chemicals.
8. Require supplier to furnish MSDS sheet with chemical.
B. RECEIPT AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICALS
1. Do not accept any chemical that is not properly labeled. Date of receipt shall be written on the label of all newly acquired chemicals.
2. Do not accept any chemical in a leaking or broken container
3. Review and observe information on safe handling and storage of the chemical.
4. When transporting chemicals by hand, pack them in a bucket or similar container.
5. When transporting chemicals by cart, insure that the cart is stable, and has wheels large enough to negotiate any change in elevation or uneven surfaces.
6. Whenever possible, transport using freight elevators. Avoid congested areas and class changes, where students are likely to be crowding hallways.
7. When transporting gas cylinders, use appropriate hand trucks with tiedowns, and insure that the cylinders are capped.
C. STORAGE OF CHEMICALS
General procedures for the safe storage of chemicals are listed below. The Director of Safety and Environmental Management (DSEM) will recommend specific storage plans for any department or area, at their request. Any specific questions may be addressed to the DSEM.
1. All chemicals should be properly packaged and labeled. Deteriorating labels should be replaced. Leaking containers should be repackaged into a suitable replacement container, or disposed through the DSEM.
2. Chemicals should be stored by hazard class, (i.e., flammable, corrosive acid, corrosive base, reactive). Within a class, chemicals will be alphabetized.
3. All shelves should be secured to prevent tipping, and have a front lip, if possible, to prevent bottles falling off the front of the shelf.
4. Storage locations should be properly vented, dry, and free from temperature extremes.
5. Anywhere chemicals are stored above eye level a stepstool must be available for use. It must have wheels that lock when a weight is applied to the stool.
6. Use only flammable refrigerators for storage of flammable liquids that must be refrigerated.
7. Indicate the purchase date and date of opening on the label of any peroxide-forming chemicals. A list of these chemicals is found in Appendix E.
8. Dispose of any peroxide-formers within one year of purchase or six months of opening.
9. Secure gas cylinders away from heat sources and store them by class (oxidants, reductants, inert).
D. USE OF CHEMICALS
1. General Safe Chemical Use. It is the responsibility of each employee who handles chemicals to:
a. Review the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) and observe the safety precautions for each chemical being used.
b. Ensure that appropriate spill cleanup equipment, safety equipment and personal protective equipment are available for each chemical in use.
c. Know the locations of safety showers, eyewash, fire extinguishers, telephone, First-Aid kits and the evacuation route in relation to the work area.
d. Avoid working alone in a laboratory. If alone, arrange to have someone check in periodically.
e. There is to be no eating, drinking, smoking, chewing gum, or applying cosmetics while working in a laboratory.
f. Do not store food items, beverages, or cosmetics in areas where chemicals are stored or used.
g. Confine loose hair, clothing, and jewelry to prevent entanglement with equipment or contact with chemicals or a source of ignition.
h. Wear shoes at all times, preferably ones with all leather uppers. Avoid open-toed shoes, sandals, or shoes with woven uppers.
i. Wear personal protection appropriate to the chemicals in use. Remove gloves before leaving work area to avoid contaminating other areas.
j. Never smell or taste chemicals.
k. Never use mouth suction for pipetting or siphoning.
l. Always wash hands after handling chemicals.
m. Keep the work area clean and uncluttered.
n. Continually monitor potentially hazardous experiments or processes.
o. Wear eye protection that has been approved by the Safety Committee from the UCO Chemistry Department in the laboratory.
2. Safe Use of Flammable and Combustible Chemicals.
Flammable and combustible chemicals are those which can, under standard conditions, generate sufficient vapor to cause a fire in the presence of an ignition source. A material which can generate sufficient vapor to ignite at temperatures below 100 oF (38 oC) are classified as "flammables". Chemicals which can generate sufficient vapor to ignite, but require a temperature over 100 oF are classified as "combustible". The vapor trails from these chemicals can travel reaching removed sources of ignition, such as an electrical appliance, to cause fires. Fire can also result from the reactions between oxidizers or reactives, and flammable or combustible materials.
The following precautions should be observed when handling these chemicals:
a. Eliminate potential sources of ignition, such as open flames, smoking materials, electrical equipment in operation, and any source of sparks, in areas where these materials are used or stored. "No Smoking" signs should be conspicuously posted and observed.
b. Refrigerators and freezers used for the storage of flammable and combustible chemicals must be made for flammable storage.
c. Store away from oxidizers.
d. Ensure that proper bonding and grounding procedures are used when pouring or transferring flammable liquid from a large container or drum.
e. Ensure that areas where flammable or combustible materials are used or stored have adequate sprinkler systems or fire extinguishers.
3. Safe Use of Corrosive Chemicals.
A corrosive material chemically reacts at the point of contact to cause damage to tissue. Corrosive chemicals include acids and bases. When using corrosive materials, the following precautions should be observed:
a. Always add acid to water, not water to acid, to avoid a violent reaction and/or splashing of the acid.
b. Use appropriate personal protection equipment, such as gloves, rubber apron, eye protection and face shield, if appropriate.
c. USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN WORKING WITH HYDROFLUORIC ACID. In the event of skin or eye contact, seek medical attention immediately after flushing with water.
4. Safe Use of Reactives
Reactive materials react chemically with themselves or other chemicals to produce large quantities of energy. The energy produced may be sufficient to produce a detonation. When using the following categories of reactives certain precautions should be observed:
a. Pyrophorics (ignite spontaneously upon contact with air).
(1) Use and store in inert environments
Examples: metal alkyls, phosphorus, fine powders of magnesium, aluminum and zinc.
b. Oxidizers (react with organic materials or reducing agents to produce heat and oxygen; may result in a flash fire)
(1) Use minimum amounts for experiments.
(2) Store away from organic chemicals, flammables and reducing agents.
Examples: perchloric acid, fuming nitric acid, chromic acid.
c. Peroxide-formers (may react with oxygen to produce a peroxide capable of exploding with friction, impact, or heat). See Appendix E for a list.
(1) Date all peroxide-formers with purchase date, and date of opening.
(2) Dispose of all peroxide-formers within one year of purchase or six months of opening.
(3) Never open a container where crystals have formed around the lid. An old container with metal lid should not be opened, but disposed of through DSEM.
Examples: ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, picric acid.
d. Water-reactives (may react with water to produce a flammable or toxic gas or other hazardous condition)
(1) Avoid contact with water sources. Do not store near sprinkler heads.
(2) Use dry sand to smother fires, and provide adequate ventilation.
Examples: metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium, acid anhydrides and acid chlorides.
5. Use of Select Carcinogens, Reproductive Toxins and Chemicals with High Acute Toxicity.
Chemicals in this category include:
a. The 8th Report on Carcinogens: Known To Be Human Carcinogens; See Appendix F and Reasonable Anticipated To Be Human Carcinogens; See Appendix G.
b. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Acute Hazardous Waste List. See Appendix H and
c. The Reproductive Toxins List; See Appendix I.
In accordance with guidelines recommended by the American Chemical Society, quantities of 10 milligrams or less are exempt from the following special procedures:
a. Establish a designated area for the use of toxic materials, and identify the area by posting signs.
b. Use safety equipment and personal protection equipment recommended by the MSDS for each chemical.
c. Ensure appropriate, safe disposal of hazardous waste.
d. The areas in use should be decontaminated thoroughly on a scheduled basis.
e. Only personnel trained to work with these chemicals should be allowed to use them.
f. Chemicals should be stored in a safe and secure manner.
SECTION III - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Regular instrumental monitoring of air quality is not usually required or practical in a laboratory, but may be appropriate under certain conditions. If engineering controls are properly maintained and used, their design should prevent contamination of the air with chemicals. Testing may be considered appropriate when the ventilation system or hoods are being tested, redesigned, or of questionable efficiency. Testing may also be appropriate when highly toxic materials are being used regularly, such as three times a week.
If any laboratory personnel have reason to believe that the airborne concentrations of hazardous materials are exceeding recommended limits, contact the Director of Safety and Environmental Management, at Ext. 2216 for assistance.
SECTION IV - HOUSEKEEPING, MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTIONS
Good housekeeping practices are important to maintain a safe working environment. Aisles should be kept clear and unobstructed. Chemicals should be stored in the appropriate areas and not allowed to accumulate on benchtops. Floors should be kept clean of spilled chemicals and liquids to prevent slips and falls. Inspections should be accomplished on a regular basis to ensure that good housekeeping practices are in effect.
Any equipment not in appropriate working order should be reported to Physical Plant, for maintenance, if part of the building facilities. Instrumentation is the responsibility of the individual departments.
Eyewash fountains should be inspected quarterly. Inspection is the responsibility of the Departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer or delegated individual. If the eyewash is in a hall, inspection is the responsibility of the closest laboratory. After each inspection, the inspector shall complete the inspection sheet included in Appendix A. Additional sheets should be duplicated prior to use.
Safety showers shall be inspected every six months by the Departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer or designated individual. If the shower is located in a hall, inspection is the responsibility of the closest laboratory. After each inspection, the inspector shall complete the inspection sheet included in Appendix A. Additional sheets should be duplicated prior to use.
The basic operation of the fume hoods will be inspected every six months by the Departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer or designated individual. After inspection, the inspector will document the results on the inspection sheet included in Appendix A. Additional sheets should be duplicated prior to use. Copies of the inspection results shall be sent to the DSEM.
Completed inspection sheets should be maintained in the book containing the Chemical Hygiene Plan for three years.
The University of Central Oklahoma provides all employees who work with hazardous chemicals an opportunity to receive medical attention, including any follow-up examinations which the examining physician determines to be necessary, for the following circumstances:
1. Whenever an employee develops signs or symptoms associated with a hazardous chemical to which the employee may have been exposed in the laboratory, the employee is provided an opportunity to receive an appropriate medical examination.
2. Where exposure monitoring reveals an exposure routinely above the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the Permissible Exposure Level) for an OSHA regulated substance for which there are exposure monitoring and medical surveillance requirements, medical surveillance is established for the affected employee as prescribed by the particular standard (i.e., 29 CFR 1910.1001 through 29 CFR 1910.1101).
3. Whenever an event takes place in the work area, such as a spill, leak, explosion or occurrence resulting in the likelihood of a hazardous exposure, the affected employee is provided the opportunity for a medical consultation. This consultation is for the purpose of determining the need for a medical examination. An appropriate medical examination is provided as necessary.
Medical examinations and consultations are performed by or under the direct supervision of a licensed physician designated by the University. They are provided at no cost to the employee, without loss of pay, and at a reasonable time and place.
The physician is provided:
1. The identity of the hazardous chemical(s) to which the employee may have been exposed;
2. A description of the conditions under which the exposure occurred, including quantitative exposure data, if available; and
3. A description of the signs and symptoms of exposure that the employee is experiencing, if any.
A written opinion must be obtained from the examining physician for an examination or consultation which is required by the Standard.
This opinion includes:
1. Any recommendation of further medical follow-up;
2. The results of the medical examination and any associated tests;
3. Any medical condition that may be revealed in the course of the examination which may place the employee at increased risk as a result of exposure to a hazardous chemical found in the workplace; and
4. A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the consultation or examination and any medical condition that may require further examination or treatment.
This written opinion does not include any specific findings or diagnoses that are unrelated to occupational exposure.
If an employee believes that the risk of exposure to a hazardous chemical in the workplace exceeds acceptable levels, the employee should contact the direct supervisor, or DSEM, to evaluate potential hazards.
Should any tests be conducted in the workplace,
such as air quality monitoring, the results will be furnished to the laboratory
involved, and a copy of the results should be included in this section of the
Chemical Hygiene Plan by the Department Chemical Hygiene Officer or designated
representative.
AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS
Enter date, purpose, attach results and summary of action taken, if any.
SECTION VI - PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT
A. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
A variety of personal protective equipment is available for use in laboratories. For the equipment to perform correctly, however, the equipment must be used and maintained properly. Laboratory supervisors and Chemical Hygiene Officers shall determine the need for such equipment, train the employees in proper use, monitor the effectiveness of the equipment, and monitor and enforce the proper use of the equipment.
1. Eye Protection
Eye protection is mandatory in all areas where there is potential for such injury. This applies not only to persons working continuously, but to others who are in the area for a temporary period of time. All eye protection equipment shall comply with the requirements set forth in American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, ANSI Z 87.1-1989.
a. The type of eye protection required depends upon the hazard. In all cases, safety goggles that offer splash protection and have indirect vents are required. More hazardous operations, such as mixing strong caustics or acids, require a combination of a face shield with goggles.
b. Safety goggles should be provided to employees who do not require corrective lenses.
c. Safety goggles should be provided to employees who do require corrective lenses which will easily fit over the corrective lenses normally worn.
d. It is recommended that contact lenses not be worn in a laboratory. The reasons for this are as follows:
(1) If a corrosive liquid splashes into the eye, the natural reflex is to clamp the eye shut, making it difficult, if not impossible, to remove the lens before damage is done to the eye.
(2) The plastic used in contact lenses is permeable to some of the vapors found in a laboratory. These vapors can be trapped behind the lens and cause extensive irritation.
(3) The lenses can prevent tears from removing the irritant.
e. If the Chemical Hygiene Officer permits the wearing of contact lenses in the laboratory, they must be protected by goggles designed for use with contact lenses. If chemical vapors contact the eyes while wearing contact lenses, the following steps should be taken:
(1) Immediately remove the lenses,
(2) Continuously flush the eyes for at least 15 to 30 minutes, and
(3) Seek medical attention.
f. If an employee should experience chemical contact with the eyes, the employee should proceed immediately to the nearest eye-wash station (with assistance, if available) and flush the eyes with water for 15 to 30 minutes. During this time, a co-worker should notify the appropriate person, such as the Department Chemical Hygiene Officer, or call for medical attention (911).
g. Visitors should follow the same eye protection procedures as the employees. It is the laboratory's responsibility to provide eye protection for anyone entering the laboratory. It is the responsibility of the employee hosting the visitors to obtain appropriate eye protection. After use, visitor eye-wear should be cleaned, prior to use by another person.
2. Clothing
The following guidelines on clothing are offered from a safety standpoint:
a. Loose clothing should be avoided, unless covered by a lab coat, due to the possibility of ignition, absorption of chemicals, and entanglement in machinery. Torn clothing should be avoided for the same reason.
b. Dangling jewelry, and unrestrained long hair present a safety risk for accidental ignition or entanglement, and should be avoided. Tight fitting rings, and jewelry that is not easily removed may trap corrosive or irritating liquids next to the skin.
c. Lab coats are recommended to protect clothing and the wearer from accidental spills and contamination. Due to the possibility of absorption and accumulation of chemicals, lab coats should not be worn in eating areas or outside the laboratory.
d. Shoes shall be worn at all times in the laboratory. Open-toed shoes, sandals, and shoes with woven uppers are not allowed, due to the possibility of spilling corrosive or irritating liquids.
e. Long-sleeved shirts, long pants and other articles of clothing which protect bare skin from exposure are recommended.
Additional levels of protective wear may be necessary for specific chemicals. Consult the MSDS to determine the appropriate type of protective clothing required for each chemical.
3. Protective Aprons
Some laboratory activities, such as washing glassware, require the handling of relatively large quantities of hazardous chemicals. To protect clothing and the wearer, a rubber or plastic apron may be required where a possibility of splashing liquids exists. Aprons are available in different materials, and in different styles, depending on the extent of protection required. Consult the MSDS, to determine the compatibility of materials for individual chemicals.
4. Gloves
Gloves should be worn when handling chemicals. The possibility exists for burning, irritation, or absorption through the skin whenever using chemicals. Glove materials may be permeable to specific chemicals. The MSDS should be consulted for appropriate glove material for specific chemicals. In the event a MSDS recommendation is not adequate, DSEM may be contacted for additional specific information.
5. Respirators
Respirators will not be used by Chemistry Department personnel. If a respirator is required, the affected area will be evacuated and the DSEM at ext. 2216 and Department of Public Safety ext. 2345 or 911 will be contacted.
B. SAFETY EQUIPMENT
Employees in a laboratory are surrounded by physical and chemical hazards. In an effort to prevent accident and injury, safety equipment in good working order is provided.
1. Fire Extinguishers
The UCO Department of Safety and Environmental Management is responsible for the placement and maintenance of all fire extinguishers on campus. Specific fire extinguishers are required according to the potential flammable material present.
a. Class A - ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber and many plastics.
b. Class B - flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil-based paints, lacquers, and flammable gases.
c. Class C - fires involving electrical equipment, where the conductivity of the extinguishing medium is of importance.
d. Class D - Fires in combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium and potassium.
e. Halon - designed to leave no residue which could damage instruments or computers. In the event of a Halon release, the area must be thoroughly ventilated before being reoccupied, since Halon gas is not designed for continued inhalation.
If the extinguisher present in the laboratory is not adequate for the types of hazardous materials present, contact DSEM for additional extinguishers. Fire extinguishers should never be obstructed from view, or access blocked. If any employee observes a fire extinguisher that has been discharged, not fully charged, or has the pin removed, contact DSEM.
2. Safety Showers
If all protective measures fail, and an employee receives a chemical splash on the body, a safety shower should be available for immediate and thorough washing of the body.
a. Employees should familiarize themselves with the location of the closest shower prior to beginning work in any laboratory.
b. Safety showers are designed to flood the entire body in an event of chemical contamination, or a clothing fire. The employee should stand underneath the shower head and activate with the handle. Flood the affected area for 15 to 30 minutes.
c. In the event of splashing with corrosive liquid, the employee should remove the affected clothing while under the shower.
d. Whenever a shower is utilized, the Departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer and DSEM should be notified of its use and the circumstances.
3. Eyewash Fountains
If all protective measures fail, and an employee receives a chemical splash to the eyes, eyewash fountains are provided for immediate and thorough irrigation of the eyes.
a. Employees should familiarize themselves with the location of the closest eyewash fountain, before beginning work in the laboratory.
b. Employees should be familiar with the operation of the eyewash.
c. Always flood the eye for at least 15 to 30 minutes to be sure that there is no liquid remaining in the eye. Always flush from the inner part of the eye outward.
d. After thorough washing, the employee should seek medical attention to determine if any damage occurred to the eye.
e. Whenever an eyewash is used, the Departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer or the laboratory supervisor and DSEM should be notified of its use and the circumstances.
4. First Aid Kits
A first aid kit should be available in a conspicuous place in each laboratory suite, and is to be used to treat minor injuries not requiring medical attention. In the event of a minor injury requiring use of the first aid kit, the circumstances must be reported to the Departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer or laboratory supervisor for two reasons:
a. A minor injury may result from a hazardous situation which, if uncorrected, may result in further injuries, and
b. It is important to document an injury as "work related" for the purpose of obtaining Worker's Compensation, should the injury lead to further complications, such as a cut becoming infected.
5. Flammable Refrigerators
If there are flammable substances requiring refrigeration, a flammable refrigerator must be used. These refrigerators are designed such that flammable vapors in the refrigerator are not in contact with any light switch, thermostat, or other potential source of ignition.
These refrigerators must be marked as for flammable storage, and not used to store food or beverages.
6. Fume Hoods
Work that involves chemicals that are toxic, odoriferous, volatile or harmful, shall be conducted within a fume hood. The primary purpose of a fume hood is to keep toxic or irritating vapors out of the general laboratory. A secondary purpose is to act as a shield between the worker and the equipment being used, when there is the possibility of an explosive reaction. This is accomplished by lowering the sash, which is made of impact resistant material. Guidelines related to the use of fume hoods are as follows:
a. Hood ventilation systems are designed to have an airflow of not less than 60 ft/min (linear) across the face of the hood, 100 ft/min (linear) if slightly more hazardous materials are in use, and 125 ft/min (linear) if toxic materials are involved. Flow rates of more than 125 ft/min can cause turbulence and are not recommended. Many hoods will have a mark on the side, indicating the appropriate level for the sash to achieve the desired air velocity.
b. Avoid creation of drafts due to open doors and windows, air conditioning or heating vents, and personnel movement. These will decrease the efficiency of the hood and may result in the backdraft of vapors into the laboratory.
c. Do not adjust the baffles. These have been preset for maximum efficiency. If ventilation problems develop, contact the DCHO to have the hood inspected and repaired, if necessary.
d. When not in use, the hood sash should remain closed. While in use, the sash should be kept at the height designated to provide minimum face velocity.
e. Work should be done as deep in the hood as safely possible without blocking the rear air vents.
f. Only the items necessary to perform the experiment should be present in the hood. Each additional object present increases turbulence and decreases efficiency.
g. The hood is not to be used as storage for chemicals. It is not to be used as a means of disposal for chemicals through vaporization. If large quantities of a chemical vaporize during an experiment, then a means of recapture, through distillation or scrubbing, should be considered.
h. Radioactive materials may not be used in hoods without prior permission from the DSEM.
i. Always assure that the hood is fully operational before beginning an experiment.
j. General inspections for hood operation are performed on a semi-annual basis by the laboratory manager or the DCHO.
7. Flammable and Corrosive Liquid Storage Cabinets
Cabinets designed for the storage of flammable and corrosive liquids should be properly used and maintained. Read and follow the manufacturers information, if provided, and follow the following guidelines:
a. Store only compatible materials inside a cabinet.
b. Do not store paper, cardboard packing material, or other combustibles inside a flammable storage cabinet.
c. There are manufacturer established quantity limits on the amount of liquid to be stored. Do not overload the cabinet.
8. Safety Shields
In the event that shielding is needed to provide protection against splashing or explosion, and a chemical hood is inappropriate, a portable shield may be used, within limitations.
Portable shields have several drawbacks. They may topple towards the worker when there is a blast, allowing or even causing injury. They do not provide any protection to the back of the equipment. They should be used only where the hazard is very small.
SECTION VII - RECORDS AND REPORTS
A. ACCIDENT REPORTS
In the event of an accident, a written accident report (see Appendix A) should be maintained as part of a safety program record. A copy should be forwarded to the DSEM and the department chairman.
B. CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
The Chemical Hygiene Plan for each laboratory should be maintained in an accessible place within that laboratory. The CHP provides both general guidance and provisions for the addition of specific information regarding each individual area. The information and guidelines for facilities and precautions are compatible with current knowledge and current state and federal regulations.
C. CHEMICAL INVENTORY LIST
Federal regulations require that a Chemical Inventory List be maintained and updated annually. This list documents the location and quantity of chemicals located on the campus. In the event of an emergency, such as a fire, knowledge of what chemicals are contained in each area provides essential information for emergency responders. The List is maintained, and updates are requested from each area of responsibility by the DSEM. A copy should be maintained in the Appendix of the Chemical Hygiene Plan (see Appendices C and D).
D. TRAINING REPORTS
Training which is accomplished at the department level must be documented on a Report of Training, with one copy maintained in the departmental personnel file and a copy sent to DSEM. An internal document is acceptable, if the same information is contained as the Report of Training. A copy is provided in Appendix A and may be duplicated.
E. MEDICAL REPORTS
Medical records will be maintained by the University in accordance with state and federal regulations.
F. RECORDS OF EXPOSURES
In the event of employee exposure to a hazardous chemical in a manner believed to exceed recommended exposure limits, a record of exposure (Report of Accident/Occupational Disease) must be filled out by the employee's supervisor. A copy must be sent to Human Resources, and one copy forwarded to the DSEM. A copy of the Report of Accident/Occupational Disease is provided in Appendix A and may be duplicated.
SECTION VIII - SIGNS AND LABELS
A. SIGNS
The University of Central Oklahoma has developed a Uniform Laboratory Hazard Signs program. The purpose of the program is to communicate the chemical and physical hazards of rooms and building areas to University personnel, emergency response personnel, and others who may have access to these areas.
Signs should be reviewed annually. Whenever hazard conditions within the area change, appropriate sign changes should be made. A sign should be posted on each entrance to a room or laboratory. Pictographs are self-adhesive and should additionally be placed inside the area to provide a more localized warning.
Location signs should be prominently posted showing the emergency evacuation routes from the area, and the location of safety showers, eyewash stations, exits, fire extinguishers, and first aid supplies.
B. LABELS
All containers should be labeled at all times, showing the contents and the hazards associated. Waste containers should be labeled showing the waste which can be safely added, and a record should be kept of what waste is currently contained in the container.
SECTION IX - EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
During the course of normal laboratory operations, there is always the potential for an emergency to occur. These emergencies may be a result of a chemical spill, a fire, or a medical emergency. In the event of an emergency, an emergency response plan should be implemented. This plan should include evacuation of the facility if deemed necessary. Each room must have posted, near the doorway, a map showing the safe evacuation route from the room and building. This map should be reviewed by the occupants of the room prior to an emergency occurring. It is necessary that all employees know how to act and react to an emergency in advance of its occurrence. To accomplish this, an Emergency Response Plan is included in this Chemical Hygiene Plan. All accidents, regardless of severity, should be reported to the laboratory supervisor.
A. CHEMICAL SPILLS
1. Spill Prevention
The most effective way to handle a chemical spill is to prevent or reduce its occurrence. Spills can occur through (1) the rupture of chemical containers, (2) inadequate shelving, (3) inadequate shelving integrity, (4) lack of guards on shelves, and (5) inappropriate handling. The following paragraphs offer some suggestions to eliminate or minimize chemical spills.
a. Many spills can be controlled by the use of trays, fume hoods and absorbent paper.
b. Caps and covers for containers should be securely in place whenever the container is not in immediate use.
c. Use a suitable container for chemicals and wastes collected in other than the original container. In cases of corrosive waste, or halogenated solvents, a metal container may not be suitable, even if the material was originally shipped in metal. Consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for specific information.
d. Containers should be inspected on a monthly basis for rust, ruptures, deformation and any sign of chemical leakage.
e. Limit the quantity of chemicals stored in the laboratory. Large drums or multiple bottles should be kept in the stockroom until needed.
f. Use proper techniques when transporting chemicals. Special padded bottle carriers or pails can be used to prevent breakage by striking against walls or benches, and to contain the chemical in the event of breakage. Carts used should be stable under loads, and have wheels large enough to negotiate uneven surfaces without tipping or stopping suddenly. Freight elevators should be used whenever possible to avoid exposure to students and other employees.
g. Chemicals should never be stored on the floor. Containers should be kept on shelves as low as possible to avoid accidents when lifting a bottle down. If chemicals are stored on high shelves, a stair must be provided, which will securely lock in place when weight is applied. Shelf units should be secured to the wall or floor and the weight limit not be exceeded.
h. Large bottles should never be picked up by the
lid, or the molded glass ring. Use two hands, one under the bottle, and the
other around the neck.
2. Departmental Responsibilities
Responsibility for controls, actions, etc. regarding hazardous materials spills lies with the individual department responsible for the materials involved. This includes, but is not limited to, provision of cleanup personnel and equipment. Where the extent of the spill is beyond the capability of the individual department to promptly and safely clean up, the department shall contact DSEM at ext. 2216. If immediate action is necessary, Department of Public Safety ext. 2345 or 911 should be called. (See below 4. Conditions Requiring Assistance.)
3. Department of Safety and Environmental Management (SEM) Responsibilities
SEM will assist in the cleanup of a hazardous material spill, where conditions indicate that the cleanup would present a safety or health hazard to other than specially trained personnel, or in any other conditions specified in this section. SEM personnel present at the site of a cleanup shall assume charge of all cleanup operations.
4. Conditions Requiring Assistance
Department of Public Safety ext. 2345 or 911 shall be contacted when a chemical spill occurs that:
a. Causes personal injury or chemical exposure that requires medical attention;
b. Causes a fire hazard or uncontrollable volatility;
c. Requires respiratory protection in a degree, where equipment and trained personnel are not available;
d. Involves or contaminates a public area;
e. Causes airborne contamination requiring local or building evacuation;
f. Causes a spill that cannot be isolated or controlled by laboratory personnel;
g. Causes damage to university property which will require repairs;
h. Cannot be handled safely and effectively by department personnel;
i. Requires overnight or prolonged cleanup;
j. Involves an unknown substance;
k. Enters the land or water, including the sanitary sewer system.
5. Spill Cleanup
Spills involving hazardous chemicals should be cleaned up as quickly and as safely as possible. Only trained and properly equipped personnel should be involved in hazardous chemicals cleanup. Custodial personnel should not be requested or expected to assist, as they have not been properly trained in hazardous chemical cleanup methods.
A chemical is considered hazardous if: a) it is flammable or explosive; b) it generates harmful vapor or dust which can affect the eyes or lungs; c) it is corrosive and attacks skin, clothing, equipment, furniture or facilities; or 4) it is harmful by ingestion or absorption.
a. Emergency Spills
Although these steps are listed in priority of response, each situation is different. Isolation of the area, evacuation, and contacting Department of Public Safety may occur simultaneously. The most important priority in any emergency is the immediate protection of the life and health of the individual.
(1) Remain calm!
(2) Notify nearby persons; if necessary, evacuate the area and contact Department of Public Safety at ext. 2345 or 911 for assistance. Include the location, the identification of the spilled chemical, if known, and if medical attention may be necessary.
(3) Control/restrict entry to the spill area.
(4) Protect yourself, then remove any injured personnel to a safe place, if possible.
(5) Remove contaminated clothing. Flush eye/skin with water for at least 15 minutes (30 minutes is recommended); use soap for intermediate and final cleaning of the skin.
(6) If possible, send assistance outside the building to direct response personnel to the spill site.
(7) General information
(a) Where the spill does not pose an immediate personal danger, try to control the volume or spread of the spill. This may include uprighting an overturned bottle, creating a dike with absorbent material, moving equipment to prevent contamination, opening a sash on a fume hood to accelerate vapor removal, or shutting a door.
(b) If the spilled chemical is an unknown, DSEM should be contacted.
(c) If flammable vapors are involved, do not operate electrical switches unless it is to turn off motorized equipment. Try to turn off or remove heat sources and open flames, if safe to do so.
(d) NEVER assume that vapors or gases do not exist or are harmless because of lack of odor.
b. Non-emergency Spills
The following general procedures should be used for all non-emergency spills:
(1) Attend to any personnel who may have been contaminated. (If these personnel require medical attention, this is an Emergency Spill.)
(2) Notify personnel in the immediate area of the spill.
(3) Evacuate all non-essential personnel from the spill area.
(4) If the spilled material is flammable, turn off all ignition sources.
(5) Avoid breathing vapors of the spilled chemical. If respiratory protection is required beyond the capability of cleanup personnel, this is an Emergency Spill.
(6) Leave on or turn on ventilation for exhaust, such as fume hoods, if it is safe to do so.
(7) Consult Material Safety Data Sheet for any special precautions. If the MSDS is not immediately available, call DSEM at ext. 2216 for information.
(8) Secure appropriate materials for cleanup.
(9) Don appropriate personal protective equipment. NEVER TOUCH SPILLED MATERIAL WITHOUT APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND GLOVES.
(10) Spilled liquids:
(a) Confine to the smallest area possible.
(b) For an inorganic acid or base, an appropriate neutralizing agent may be used. If neutralization is not an alternative, absorb the liquid using large quantities of a non-reactive material, such as vermiculite, clay, dry sand, or towels.
(c) Clean anything which may have been contaminated with towels or a suitable substitute.
(11) Spilled solids:
Solids may be swept into a dustpan and placed into a suitable container for disposal.
(12) Disposal of the chemical may be regulated and may include any cleanup materials used in the cleanup procedure. Contact DSEM for information on the disposal of specific materials.
c. Radioactive Spills
The Chemistry Department does not handle any radioactive isotopes except a few that are low level.
B. FIRES
Fires are one of the most common emergencies in the laboratory. This is due largely to the many flammable materials, particularly liquids, in use in a laboratory. When working in any laboratory, be aware of the location of the closest fire extinguisher and the type of fire it will extinguish.
In the event of a fire, the following guidelines should be followed:
1. Assist any person in immediate danger to safety, if it can be accomplished without risk to yourself.
2. Immediately activate the building alarm system at the nearest pull alarm. This will automatically notify Department of Public Safety and the Edmond Fire Department. It is preferable to have emergency personnel respond, and not be needed, than to delay notification and lose lives or property unnecessarily.
3. If the fire is small enough, use a nearby fire extinguisher to control and extinguish the fire. Do not attempt to extinguish the fire if:
a. You are not trained in fire extinguisher use.
b. The fire is too large or out of control.
c. The atmosphere is potentially toxic due to a gas or to oxygen deficiency.
4. If first attempts to put out the fire do not succeed, evacuate the building immediately.
5. The last person to leave a room should close windows and doors, if it is safe to do so.
6. When opening closed doors to exit, feel the door and handle first for warmth from fire on the other side. If door or handle is hot, do not open the door. Proceed to an alternate exit, if available .
7. Do not use elevators. Use stairwells.
8. After evacuating the building, proceed to the designated meeting area, and verify that all personnel have exited the building.
9. No personnel will be permitted to re-enter the building without the permission of the Edmond Fire Department or Department of Public Safety.
10. All fires will be investigated by Department
of Public Safety and DSEM.
C. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
Personal injuries may occur in laboratories. These injuries may range from minor scrapes and bruises to severe injuries from electrical shock and heart attacks.
In an accident, the initial responsibility for first aid lies with the person first to arrive at the scene. This person should respond quickly, but in a calm and assuring manner. Immediately summon medical help, if necessary, by calling Department of Public Safety at ext. 2345. Be explicit in reporting the location, the type of injury, and the type of assistance required. Do not move the injured person unless they are in danger of further injury.
All injuries must be reported to the supervisor, even if medical attention is not required. Minor injuries may lead to more serious complications at a future date. Liability and insurance matters may be handled more effectively if documentation exists.
Accidents will be investigated by DSEM to determine the immediate cause of the accident. The purpose of this is not to "blame" any individual, but to prevent the same accident from happening again, or to correct a situation which may lead to more serious accidents. For further information on reporting accidents, see Section VII on "Records and Reports".
Any time an employee develops signs or symptoms associated with a hazardous chemical exposure, the affected employee should immediately contact his supervisor to initiate procedures for a medical examination. At any time a chemical exposure occurs, a Record of Exposure should be completed. See Section VII on "Records and Reports" and Section V on "Medical Program" for further information.
SECTION X - INFORMATION AND TRAINING
Federal and State laws require that laboratories provide various health and safety training for all employees.
Training must be documented, with details on attendance, content, and performance, if applicable. Training participation must be recorded in an individual's departmental personnel folder.
The University is responsible for providing employees with information and training on hazardous chemicals in the work area at time of initial assignment, prior to assignment involving new exposure situations, and biannual refresher training. This is to ensure that the employees are apprised of hazards of chemicals present in their work area.
The types and content of training is mandated by law; however, the manner of instruction is not specified. DSEM provides laboratory safety training to departments, at their request. Training must also be accomplished by the departments. Training in the use of fire extinguishers should be scheduled by calling the DSEM.
A. HAZARD COMMUNICATION
The following information must be conveyed to employees and will be provided by the department:
1. The contents of the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories Standard 29 CFR 1910.1450 and its appendices (OSHA Lab Standard). These are included in Appendix B.
2. The location, availability, and content of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
3. The permissible exposure limits (PELs) for OSHA regulated substances or recommended exposure limits for other hazardous chemicals where there is no available OSHA standard.
4. The signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals in the laboratory.
5. The location and availability of known reference material on the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in the laboratory, including, but not limited to, Material Safety Data Sheets received from the chemical supplier.
Employees must be trained in the following areas:
1. Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area, such as monitoring methods, visual appearances and odors.
2. The physical and health hazards of chemicals used in the work area.
3. The measures that employees can use to protect themselves from these hazards, including specific procedures such as appropriate work practices, personal protective equipment, and emergency procedures.
4. The contents of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
B. FIRST AID/CPR TRAINING
This training shall include the following and will be provided by the University:
1. The availability and location of first aid equipment.
2. The names of individuals in the area who are trained in First Aid/CPR. It is desirable for several individuals to be certified in these areas. Details on training availability may be obtained from the American Red Cross.
3. The emergency number for medical assistance 974-2345 or (911).
4. The information contained in Section IX - Emergency Response of this Chemical Hygiene Plan.
C. FIRE EXTINGUISHER TRAINING
Training of employees in the use of fire extinguishers is required by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.157(G), "where the employer has provided portable fire extinguishers for employee use in the workplace..." This training must be conducted at time of initial assignment, and biannually thereafter. For information on fire extinguisher training, contact the DSEM.
D. SPILL RESPONSE TRAINING
All employees shall be trained in the proper methods for spill response, as outlined in Section IX - Emergency Response of this Chemical Hygiene Plan. The training will be provided by the department.
E. WASTE DISPOSAL TRAINING
All employees shall be trained in the proper methods for waste disposal. The training will be provided by the department.
SECTION XI - WASTE DISPOSAL SECTION
Waste and unused chemicals must be disposed of in an environmentally safe and legal manner. Many chemicals are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency as hazardous materials, and must be disposed of by a licensed disposal company. Other restrictions are placed upon chemicals released into the sewer system by the Edmond Wastewater Treatment Plant, based upon the capabilities for treatment.
Waste chemicals are typically generated from sample preparations, extraction, and analytical processes. Other waste chemicals may be generated through cleaning out of unused laboratories, change of methods, of specification chemicals, and completions of a project.
Waste chemicals should be disposed of on a periodic basis to reduce the hazard potential of storage and to minimize inventory tracking and updating. DSEM will handle disposal of all waste chemicals. This service should be budgeted by academic units.
A system shall be developed in each laboratory to collect and segregate chemical waste during daily operations. Typical segregation of waste would be:
? Acids-- ex. Perchloric acid, carbolic acid, etc.
? Bases-- ex. Aniline,
_ Halogenated Solvents-- ex. Chloroform, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, etc.
? Non-halogenated Solvents-- ex, Benzene, hexane, cyclohexane, acetonitrile, tolune, xylene, etc.
? Mercury waste-- ex. Mercury(l), mercuric chloride, mercuric nitrate, mercurous chloride, etc.
_ Reactives--See p. 46 for definition.
_ Heavy Metal contaminated solvents-- ex. Cr, Mn, Ba, etc.
These should be collected in separate containers, and stored separately to prevent chemical reactions in the event of spills or leaks. Mineral acids and bases should be neutralized.
DSEM is responsible for coordinating the pickup of surplus and waste chemicals. To assure compliance with all applicable federal and state regulations, and to insure the safety of all personnel involved, DSEM has established the following standards applicable to the collection, storage, labeling, packaging and manifesting of waste for pickup by DSEM.
A. GENERAL GUIDELINES
1. Department personnel shall not accept any chemicals, hazardous substances, or items containing hazardous substances as gifts or donations without notifying DSEM prior to the acceptance. A gift may ultimately cost the University many dollars to dispose of as hazardous waste.
2. Under no circumstance is any person to dispose of a chemical down the drain, or into the trash, without full knowledge of the applicable regulations and policies and procedures of the disposal of the substance. If the appropriate status is unknown, contact DSEM for information.
3. DSEM will determine whether any chemical submitted for disposal is deemed waste or surplus.
4. DSEM does not have immediate capabilities for identification of unknowns, and will not accept unknowns at this time. Any unknowns should have a notation available giving origin, principal investigator, and any information as to the generating process.
B. BASIC PROCEDURES
1. Collect substances in original or other suitable container (see subsection C. "Containers").
2. Properly label containers as to contents and hazards (see subsection D. "Labeling").
3. When the amount collected approaches safe storage capacity, call DSEM to schedule hazardous materials pickup.
4. The generator or departmental representative shall label each individual container (see subsection D. "Labeling") and complete a Hazardous Materials Manifest (see subsection E. "Manifests").
5. Individual containers shall be packed together to the extent safely practical (see subsection F. on "Packing"), for transportation.
C. CONTAINERS
Containers refer to any of the following that serve as a primary container or as an outer or secondary package over a primary container:
_ Any steel, plastic or fibrepack drum
_ Metal cans or pails
? Plastic carboys
? Steel cylinders and tanks
? Paper bags
? Plastic baggies
? Glass and plastic bottles, jars and vials
? Wooden kegs, barrels and boxes
? Cardboard boxes
? Mercury flasks
1. Containers must not be damaged or leaking. If a container is leaking, the chemical must be repacked in a compatible container.
2. Containers must be properly secured with a cap or other means of closure. Acceptable means of closure include the original cap or method provided by the manufacturer, or a substitute of equal or higher quality. Corks are not acceptable unless provided as the means of closure by the manufacturer. Rags stuffed into the neck of the bottle are not acceptable.
3. Container composition must be chemically compatible with the substances to be contained.
4. Materials should kept in their original containers if at all safely possible.
5. Plastic bags, if used as a container, must be without punctures or tears, tightly sealed, and placed in a secondary container, such as a box.
6. Glass containers shall not exceed one gallon (4 liters) in size, and shall not be filled into the neck of the fill/pour spout.
7. Metal or plastic containers shall not exceed 5 gallons (20 liters) and shall not be filled into the neck of the fill/pour spout. In containers with flat tops, the liquid level shall be at least one inch from the top. The use of any containers over 5 gallon size for waste collection must be coordinated in advance with DSEM.
D. LABELING
1. Each container must be clearly labeled with the chemical or common name of each substance comprising 1% or more of the total mixture. A label with the NFPA 704 code or similar hazard code (DOT, UN, etc) must be used.
2. Indicate the strength or concentration if it is a dilute substance.
3. Do not use formulas, chemical equations or structures, without the addition of the chemical name.
4. Indicate any known hazards, such as "Flammable," or "Carcinogen."
5. Remove or obliterate completely any names not related to the current contents.
6. When a container is to be picked up by DSEM, each container must have clearly affixed, or written on the label the manifest information. This includes the date, department and container number associated with the manifest that accompanies the container.
7. File labels, original labels, and any other adhesive label is acceptable, as long as it is firmly attached to the container. Post-it type notes are unacceptable.
8. Keep containers labeled correctly and securely at all times, to prevent the generation of "unknowns" through the loss of a label.
E. MANIFESTS
A Hazardous Materials Inventory Form (manifest) must be completed for each chemical that is to be picked up by DSEM. A sample form is found in Appendix A and may be reproduced for use. The following information must be included for each container to be picked up for surplus or disposal.
1. Department The name of the department generating the hazardous material.
2. Contact The name of the individual responsible for manifesting the materials and coordinating the pick-up.
3. Account No. The account number for the hazardous material generator. Academic units are not billed for this service, however, the account number may be used as a tracking device.
4. Date of Inventory The date which the manifest is completed.
5. Page of Number pages to reflect the page number, and the page total.
6. Volume or Weight The approximate volume or weight of material contained. Do not use the original volume or weight, unless the contents have not changed.
7. Physical State List the physical state of the material at the time of the manifest, using one of the following codes:
S: Solid
L: Liquid
M: Mixture of solid and liquid
8. Hazard Code List the appropriate hazard for the material, if known, according to the following codes:
F: Flammable
C: Corrosive
O: Oxidizer
T: Toxic
Cb: Combustible
R: Reactive
EXP: Explosive
Definitions of these codes appear at the end of this document.
9. Description of Give the common or chemical name of the contents of the container. Do not use formulas or draw structures. Give the approximate percentage of each component of a mixture, or the strength of a dilute solution. More than one line may be used if necessary.
10. Signature The person filling out the manifest must sign, attesting that all the information contained is correct to the best of their knowledge.
11. Date of signature Date that the manifest is signed.
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
DOL - Department of Labor
MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet
CHO - Chemical Hygiene Officer
DCHO - Departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer
PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit
DSEM - Director of Safety and Environmental Management
SEM - Safety and Environmental Management
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations
CHP - Chemical Hygiene Plan
C - Corrosive
Any gas, liquid, or solid that causes destruction of human tissue, or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel.
Cb - Combustible
Any liquid which does not meet the definition of any of the above hazard classes, and has a flashpoint at or above 100 degrees F. and below 200 degrees F.
EXP - Explosive
A substance that may detonate as a result of heat or shock.
F - Flammable
Any compressed gas, liquid, or any solid material, (other than an explosive), that is liable to cause fires through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical changes, retained heat from processing, or which can be ignited readily, and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious transportation hazard.
O - Oxidizer
A substance such as a nitrate, chlorate or permanganate that yields oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion or organic matter.
R - Reactive
Substances that are unstable, form toxic gases, and react violently when in contact with water or other common substances and environmental conditions. Reactives include organic peroxides, pyrophorics, flammable solids, peroxide formers, and substances that readily polymerize.
T - Toxics
Substances such as carcinogens, irritants or poisons which are irritating to or affect the health of humans.
APPENDICES
CONTENTS
Appendix A: Forms
Appendix B: 29 CFR 1910.1450
Appendix C: Inorganic Chemical Inventory List
Appendix D: Organic Chemical Inventory List
Appendix E: Peroxide Formers List
Appendix F: 8th Report On Carcinogens: Known To Be Human Carcinogens
Appendix G: 8th Report On Carcinogens: Reasonably Anticipated to Be Human Carcinogens
Appendix H: Environmental Protection Agency Acute Hazardous Waste List
Appendix I: Reproductive Toxins List